Lazarus

Aya Azuma S1 MBT-0 Reisen

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The Aya Azuma S1 MBT-0 Reisen, officially designated Main Battle Tank, Type 0, Series 1, Reisen (0式主戦闘車 1直列 鈴仙, Rei-shiki-nushi sentō-sha ichi chokuretsu reisen), is a Renean fourth-generation main battle tank designed by Aya Azuma Land Systems (now Azmaya Defense) for the Royal Army of Renea. It succeeded the earlier MBT-80 as the principal main battle tank of the army. The base model is armed with an Azmaya S120/44 120mm smoothbore cannon, and depending on the variant, features either a Kyoda Motors HMPSRDS 354 hydromechanical transmission paired with a Kyoda Motors EGT2200 multi-fuel gas turbine engine (''EMF-PowerPack''), or a Kyoda Motors LCVT 0-1 continuously variable transmission paired with a Kyoda Motors HEDE 2200 Km-504 liquid-cooled V12 twin-turbo diesel engine (“HDP-PowerPack”).

The Reisen was developed due to the changing interests of the Renean government. With a drastic change in military doctrine shifting from tanks supporting a large and spread-out empire capable of being rapidly transported by sea to simply requiring a tank specialized for defending its current territories, the older MBT-80 models were obsolete. The tank has seen various improvements, with the V5 being the latest iteration. The variants are split into two generations - V0 to 3, which were lighter in weight and designed with rapid transport across islands in mind and used the older gas turbine, and V4 and 5, which ditched the necessity for transport between islands and limited their weight by the capability of bridges and rail networks, being upgraded to the diesel engines. As of current, 100% of Renean bridges are crossable by the V3, while 83% are crossable by the V5. All variants have a full three-plane stabilized main and coaxial gun, sophisticated digital fire control systems with laser rangefinders, advanced night vision and thermal imaging, conveyor belt autoloader capable of a rate of one shell per 3.5 seconds, and a C4I system.

The name "Reisen" is a reference to its designation "Type Zero," which came from the year of the Persican Era (Year 0) it entered service. It would typically be spelled as "零戦" (Lit. zero, battle (vehicle)) but its name is instead spelled as "鈴仙," which is pronounced the same, however instead translates to "Bell Hermit."

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History

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Development

The first generations of Renean main battle tanks were made with the fact that Renea was a vast empire with colonial interests in mind. The immediate predecessor of the MBT-0 was the MBT-80, which was a lightweight tank designed to be easily transported across the world in ships, and be able to operate in just about any environment. Although it succeeded in this regard, it sacrificed size and armor, failing to fit in several key technologies, making it an overall sub-par vehicle compared to its contemporaries. As Renea lost its territories and the transition to democracy made it more concerned with defending the territories it kept, the advantages of the MBT-80 were made moot and development of the N-XT project began, which would ultimately deliver the MBT-0.

The Army outlined that the new tank would have to have protection systems capable of defeating any contemporary munition, high compatibility with digital systems to effectively conduct network-centric warfare, and firepower on par with any possible threats, with particular emphasis placed on a fire control system of adequate sophistication, all while being able to cross any bridge in Renea and conduct combat in any weather condition that may arise. Military doctrine at the time had not placed particular emphasis on tank mobility, so it was not regarded as a top priority, but the inclusion of several historied automotive companies meant it was a matter of national pride that the vehicle be able to keep up with its contemporaries.

Prototype development

With the approval of the N-XT project, roughly 20 billion Youmyons would be invested into the project, with the company Aya Azuma (Azmaya) being contracted to head the design, which chose to cooperate with R.C. Septentrion on the chassis and Haniyasushin & Haniwa on the digital systems and turret. Kyoda Motors would later be contracted to build the automotive components, with the first testbeds being built with Azmaya and R.C. Septentrion’s engines and transmission.

To test a large amount of components, 10 prototypes were ordered with differing components, numbered T1 to T10. Five were equipped with the Azmaya S120/44 and five were equipped with the R.C. Septentrion L/50-120. T1-T5 had torsion bar suspension while T6-10 had newly developed hydropneumatic suspensions. All turrets had a .50 caliber machine gun in the commander’s cupola except for T8, which had a 20mm remote controlled autocannon. T4 and T5 had Azmaya designed autoloaders while T1, T2, T3, and T8 utilized an R.C. Septentrion design, with the rest having manual loaders. The return rollers on all hulls were taken from the MBT-80 and the road wheels were proprietary. T1-T5 used an Azmaya gas turbine engine while T6-T10 used an R.C. Septentrion diesel design, with differing transmission designs on each prototype. In the end, all prototypes were refitted with Kyoda Motors components, with T1-T5 using the gas turbine and CVT system and T6-T10 using the gas turbine system, as the other components were proven unreliable.

The armor on prototype units were relatively similar, with T4’s armor configuration chosen early on and put on the other units. The possibility of applique armor meant the prototypes had modular slotting components fitted on. Haniyasushin & Haniwa finished development of the digital systems and finalized a size requirement for those components, and added several more components such as the laser rangefinder, environmental sensors, powder sensors, and thermal imaging, requiring all prototypes to be fitted with rebuilt turrets that would also incorporate the preferred turret armor scheme.

The testing phase was extensive and lasted around five years despite constant intensive work due to constant additions of new technologies needing to be incorporated, primarily in advanced computer systems and newer threats requiring better protection. The final addition was a C4I (Command, Control, Communication, Computing & Intelligence) system, after the incorporation of, the tank was approved for series production.

Series productions

The final model used the Azmaya S120/44, which had initially lost against the R.C. Septentrion L/50-120 but was chosen due to its shorter length, with an adjustable clearance and pitch hydropneumatic suspension, a remote controlled 20mm dual-purpose autocannon mounted on top, a 30mm coaxial autocannon, Azmaya designed conveyor belt autoloader, Kyoda Motors EGT2200 engine, and Kyoda Motors HMPSRDS 354 gearbox. Many of the technologies tested on the prototypes would be ditched to reduce the financial strain the project was putting on, with the design team opting to make the tank highly modular and develop the other parts as later kits.

The bustle’s ready rack received blowout panels and improvements were made to further separate its ammunition from the turret crew compartment, especially during operation of the autoloader, which was determined to consist of only the commander and gunner. Several key weak spots in the hull and turret were eliminated, with the ballistic protection overall improved, and additional active and passive missile protection systems were added, including hard-kill missile defenses, radar and radio jammers, and thermal camouflage paint, with further improvements already planned in upgrade packages. With these improvements, the first batch was manufactured by Azmaya in the Azmaya Koumakan Tank Plant.

The first batch consisted of 100 tanks, which were put to extensive testing in all four of Renea’s islands. With satisfactory results, the model was put into production for 300 units, with production split between the Azmaya plant in Koumakan, R.C. Septentrion Heavy Industries Plant in Eientei, and Haniyasushin & Haniwa Joint Systems Plant in Hakugyokurou, with another order of 300 placed soon after. The ascension of Fleuriste Franruhika to the throne right before the units officially entered service meant the model was designated the Type 0, as they would enter service prior to the end of the first year of the new monarch’s reign.

Production has since reduced to a modest rate. Without any loss of vehicles, the military has mainly been concerned with keeping up the current fleet and upgrading it.

Further improvements

The tank would see new additions almost biyearly, with the dropped technologies tested in the prototype stages being put on as modular kits. Minor improvements were made from the V0 to the V3, with the total weight increasing roughly 2 metric tons in armor additions, improved sensors, backup optical displays, improved fire extinguishing systems, and increase in horsepower in the engine, which was 1800 hp for the V0, 1900 hp for the V1, 2050 hp for the V2, and 2200 hp for the V3. However, starting with the V4 and a change of requirements from the military, changes were much more drastic. The armor array was improved, the tank received new side skirts, the computer systems were updated, the dual-purpose autocannon was replaced in favor of a modular slot, and the kits it could put on were improved as well, adding about 15 metric tons to the vehicle’s final weight. To accompany this, the propulsion system was overhauled, switching to the Kyoda Motors HEDE 2200 Km-504 diesel engine and the Kyoda Motors LCVT 0-1 continuously variable transmission gearbox.

Along with this, the tank program began the Strategic Priority Reassessment (SPR) project, which sought to upgrade the tank into a vehicle more suited for the military’s change in doctrine. It planned to develop additional armaments for the tank, including a 60 caliber 152mm main gun firing two-piece ammunition, missile launching capabilities, and more lethal anti-personnel solutions. The missile launching capabilities came in the form of a specialized round for the cannon, as well as tubes that were mounted to the V4’s new modular slot and sticking from the manlet on support beams (mantlet launchers later cancelled). For anti-personnel purposes, the tank was given the option of a fully automatic 40mm grenade launcher and high explosive fragmentation rounds for its coaxial 30mm autocannon, as well as APFSDS belts for anti-armor tasks, and a high explosive round for the main gun. The cannon upgrade was never adopted, but the program saw the development of both more lethal kinetic penetrator rounds for the S120/44 and the Open Engagement Kit, which included refitting the cannon with the 55 caliber 120mm S120/55 cannon.

The SPR program also intended to drastically improve the protection of the vehicle, adding on an outer layer of nano-crystalline steel to its outer layers and swapping the lightweight upper glacis armor in favor of multilayer spaced composite armor made from layers of steel, tungsten, ceramic, and plastic filler. Previously applique turret armor was improved and made the default attachment, and the belly is heavily fortified to resist mines and other explosive devices. From the V4 onwards, the tank has been made airtight and equipped with an NBC overpressure protection system, securing its crew and internal components from weapons of mass destruction. This also allows the tank to cross rivers with a snorkel.

Also, around this time boiling vessels became the standard in the military, which are water heating systems that allow for crews to heat water (make tea) and cook food by drawing from the vehicle’s electrical supply without disembarking the vehicle. These were fitted onto all new V4s and have been the standard since. All previous models were retrofitted with them as well.

The latest iteration of the vehicle is the V5, which is similar to the V4, having improved armor, greatly improved transmission, stronger engine, updated digital systems, enhanced sensors, and further modularity, with an additional mounting slot on the turret. Most notably, the ammunition racks in the hull of the vehicle were moved inwards and their previous location near the driver’s station was filled with further protection. In addition, it now mounts the Azmaya S120/55 by default and a bustle rack has been added.

Design

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Protection

The MBT-0 primarily employs spaced multilayer armor throughout its hull and turret. Plates of nano-crystalline steel comprise its outer layer, while underneath it uses many layers of steel with varying hardness, elastic materials, and other non-metals. Internal modularity allows packages of armor to be replaced when damaged or superior packages become available. On the outer layer and between its two fixed-in-place layers, it is also capable of mounting additional armor packages, principally the Azmaya Composite Package, which is made from high hardness steel, tungsten, plastic filler, and ceramic.

The side and rear of the turret is protected against most weapons under the power of the contemporary MBTs it may face, although those will have little issue penetrating it from those angles. The side of the hull is protected by heavy ballistic armor skirts which can mount even more armor. The rear is fairly undefended, as the engine is rated to be enough protection to defeat any contemporary tank cannon. The tank’s belly armor is reinforced with corrugations to further protect against mines.

The turret is equipped with advanced radar warning receiver and laser warning receiver systems, which initially sends a warning to all other systems in its network, and then turns the turret to face the threat. The position and trajectory of the incoming missile is triangulated and the first line of defense is activated, deploying a soft-kill multispectral smokescreen to disrupt the tracking of the missile, while its radar and radio jammers disrupt further and disable wire-guided missiles. The smoke is deployed in front of the turret and leaves enough room for the tank to see its immediate surroundings. Individual grenades can be launched from its regular smoke mortar as well, which are the auxiliary missile defenses in the event that the automated launchers are inoperable. If the first line of defense fails, an Azmaya Theater hard-kill active protection system detects and shoots down incoming projectiles before they strike the tank. As of the Theater 3, it has been rated to be capable of defeating both top-attack missiles and munitions with forward dummy projectiles.

Secondary protection

The tank was designed with the concept of compartmentation. Possible sources of explosions and fires are moved as far away from the crew as possible. The ammunition rack and hydraulic systems in the turret bustle are separated from the crew, with ammunition explosions to be directed away from the crew by blowout panels, although the latest munitions have desensitized propellants that have been declared impervious to detonations. Along with this, the tank is protected against nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) threats, being equipped with an Azmaya NBC Overpressurization system, providing a maximum of 5 millibars of overpressure inside the vehicle. The tank is completely airtight and controls the exchange of air through a ventilation system, and has neutron shielding liner made of polyethylene-boron moderator to protect against neutron radiation in the event that the tank has to operate in the wake of a nuclear explosion.

The tank is equipped with multiple halomethane fire extinguishers, which are placed near the driver and in the hull under the turret. There is an automated fire extinguishing system on board, which activates when the fighting compartment reaches a critical temperature, or manually activated by the driver. A separate extinguishing system is installed in the engine compartment, which is also automatic.

Armor upgrades

The model has received armor upgrades across every variant, with the V4 starting the most significant of changes. Most notably, it added applique laminated wedge modules to the front of the turret, which give it a distinctive arrowhead appearance. Additional modules turned the curves in the turret armor, originally designed to save weight, into straighter edges, the large amount of empty space being filled with more armor modules and giving the turret a more geometric appearance.

Many different kits have been developed to increase survivability, commonly including thick modules of composite armor. Chemical warhead defenses include slat armor, explosive reactive armor, and non-energetic reactive armor. V4 and earlier models could have additional mine protection plates on the belly of the vehicle while the V5 has one bolted on out of the factory.

Armament

Primary

All units are outfitted with an Azmaya 120mm smoothbore cannon, either the 44 caliber version (from V0 to V4) for the 55 caliber version (V5 and planned subsequent models). Both models have a magnesium alloy thermal sleeve and are plated with chrome. The autoloader has a conveyor belt magazine in the bustle that holds 15 rounds of ammunition plus one in the cannon breach, with an additional 31 rounds stored in the hull. The magazine is separated from the fighting compartment by an electrically operated door that only opens when the auto loader is in operation. The ammunition compartment is protected by blowout panels that redirect explosions in the event of a detonation.

The gun is fully stabilized on three planes and can fire a variety of ammunition. The most effective round is its Type 16 APFSDS-T (armor piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot-tracer), which is specifically designed for the S120/55. It is composed of self-sharpening amorphous metals containing heavy metal particles. In addition, all variants can fire the preceding Type 15 APFSDS, which has a penetrator made of depleted uranium, or the Type 4 HEAT round. The bore extractor is fabricated from glass-reinforced plastic, with a backup compartment overpressure system in the event the extractor fails. The gun is power elevated from -10° to +18°.

Haniyasushin & Haniwa has developed an upgrade for the tank to fire the anti-tank guided missiles through its main gun, with additional guidance controls for the gunner.

Secondary

From the V0 to the V3, the tank mounted a remote controlled 20mm autocannon on an anti-aircraft mount, and from the V4 onwards, it was replaced with a modular weapons slot, with the same autocannon as an option. In addition to this, it could also mount missile launchers, automatic grenade launchers, or just about any component that could be fitted onto a mount and connected via wire. Some attempts have been made to put a drone launching platform on top. An Azmaya R30/50A-9 30mm autocannon is mounted coaxially to the main gun.

Fire control, observation, and optics

The fire control system is entirely developed by Haniyasushin & Haniwa, from the optics to the computer. The V5 is equipped with the Integrated Combat and Management 2 Package (ICM-2 Package), which includes a dual magnification stabilized primary sight, which has an integrated neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet Nd:YAG laser rangefinder and mercury cadmium telluride thermographic camera, both of which are linked to the digital fire control computer. The sight has two day channels, a direct channel with 3.5x, 7x, and 14x magnification, and a video channel with 10x magnification. The thermographic camera has a magnification of up to 18x with an optical system, and with digital image processing, up to 60x. The gun has an auxiliary adjustable magnification optical sight, and the commander receives a panoramic sight as well.

The ICM-2 Package includes a digital fire control system that can be operated by both the gunner and commander. In addition to the rangefinder, it also has an Extremely High Frequency L-band pulse-Doppler Radar system on the frontal arc of the turret, along with a crosswind sensor. The inputs of all three modules are fed into the computer, which tracks targets and calculates a firing solution. The digital fire control system offers real time integrated imaging from all of the tank’s sensors and sights, which are displayed from a monitor in the turret and as an option for the commander’s panoramic sight.

The rangefinder has a maximum distance of 15,000 meters with a 10 meter margin of error. The radar and its tracking capability is limited to a range of 10,490 meters, allowing it to engage low-flying aircraft as well.

Network-centric warfare capability

The final capability of the ICM-2 Package is its C4I system, enabling automatic real-time sharing of information between tanks at the platoon level and can be connected to communicate with other information networks in command, enabling integrated operations at high levels. Its other capabilities include; specification of each vehicle’s search range from the platoon leader’s vehicle; automatic identification of detected hostile vehicles; the collation of identified vehicles with a database; the information regarding a target’s distance, position, type, etc. is shared with the rest of a platoon; instruction of vehicles from the platoon leader’s vehicle; the information regarding where each vehicle is and where each vehicle is aiming is displayed to the platoon leader; when aiming, the fire control system collates with the database and aims for weak points; when the projectile has landed, the fire control system can judge the effectiveness of the attack, and if uncertain, it will recommend re-attack; and the tracking of multiple detected targets at once, evaluation of each’s threat level, and recommend a course of action to occupants.

The C4I system extends to higher levels of command, with the platoon leader being communicated with and directed by the commander of a company, in turn the command of a battalion, and this can go on up to the communication center of a regional command office. The adoption of this system was in preparation of a large-scale war with emphasis placed on information.

In addition to its C4I system, it has a Selective Identification Feature located above its gun, which fires a beam in the direction of a detected vehicle’s gun. Failure to respond causes a target to be declared hostile, which can be overridden manually. It also has an uplink to Renean satellite positioning systems.

Propulsion

From V0 to V3, the tank was powered by the EMF-PowerPack (Enhanced Multi-Fuel Power Pack), including the Kyoda Motors EGT2200 multi-fuel gas turbine engine and Kyoda Motors HMPSRDS 354 hydromechanical gear and brake transmission. The V4 and onwards are powered by the HDP-PowerPack (Heavy Diesel Propulsion Power Pack) with the Kyoda Motors LCVT 0-1 continuously variable transmission paired with a Kyoda Motors HEDE 2200 Km-504 engine. The Kyoda Motors HEDE 2200 Km-504 is a four-stroke, 51.6 liter, 90-degree V-block 12-cylinder, twin-turbocharged and intercooled, liquid-cooled diesel engine, with multi-fuel capability. It provides 2230 horsepower at 3200 rpm for a maximum speed of 75 kilometers per hour, with its CVT transmission allowing it to reach the same max speed in reverse. It produces 5,200 Nm of torque at 1500 rpm.

The Kyoda Motors HMPSRDS 354 (Hydromechanical Power Shift, Reverse, Differential Steering 354) has four forward gears and two reverse gears, with a torque converter and is completely automatic. The Kyoda Motors LCVT 0-1 (Large Continuously Variable Transmission, 0-1 Output) is a hydraulic-type continuously variable transmission built specifically for the MBT-0.

The tank utilizes a hydropneumatic active suspension, allowing it to control each individual bogie on its tracks. This also allows it to adjust its stance and ride height, with a low clearance improving handling on roads and a high clearance improving maneuverability over rough terrain. The suspension control also allows the tank to tilt forward or backwards, augmenting the angular range the gun can elevate or depress, as well as absorbing recoil from the main gun firing and vibrations as the tank moves. Accompanying this is a dynamic tension track maintaining optimal tension through all maneuvers.

The running gear consists of 5 road wheels, which are dual rubber-tired, with 7 return rollers and the idler wheel at the front and the drive sprocket at the back. The tracks have removable rubber pads that can be replaced with grousers for icy terrain. The upper parts of the track and the return rollers are covered by the side skirt.

Variants and Kits

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Open Engagement Kit

Early versions of the Open Engagement Kit involved refitting the Azmaya S120/44 cannon to a more lethal S120/55 cannon, which is standard on the V5. The turret receives ERA packages on the front, attached to its applique module, while the side and rear of the turret are given both composite plates and ERA bricks on top. The two modular slots on its turret roof are given a remote controlled 20mm autocannon emplacement and UAV launcher, while its Azmaya Theater 3 APS is upgraded with an additional radar on the rear and two extra launchers. The hull is covered with ERA bricks on the front and side of the hull, as well as receiving additional composite armor packages. The final weight is 92 metric tons.

Urban Combat Kit

The Urban Combat Kit is designed to increase the tank’s ability to survive in urban environments, which are traditionally the most dangerous places for a tank. The package includes ERA bricks on all sides of the tank, with additional slat armor in front to protect from shaped charge warheads, and composite armor additions are optional. The gun is refitted to an S120/44. The modular slots are fitted with a remote controlled 20mm autocannon and an additional two Azmaya Theater 3 launcher turrets. Additionally, a telephone is mounted outside of the tank to allow for infantry to communicate with the commander. The final weight is 90 tons.

Signature Integration Package

The Signature Integration Package is a retrofit package designed to turn the tank into a stealth vehicle. As opposed to the heavy composite armor and reactive armor found in other kits and variants, the package opts for lightweight armor modules and plates that regulate their temperature to levels similar to that of the surrounding environment, with all exhaust gasses cooled before exit. The engine is also switched to an improved Kyoda Motors EGT2202 gas turbine engine, with high-frequency noise emissions directed towards the back, making it virtually silent. A net can be applied to further hide the tank in foliage or other cover, and the tank is repainted with radar absorbing iron ball paint.

S1 MBT-0 Armored Assault Engineering Vehicle

The turret and hull is lined with non-energetic reactive armor (NERA) and receives otherwise standard composite armor. Its cannon is replaced with a 200mm demolition gun and the autoloader is replaced with standard stowage, with a manual loader fitted behind the gunner. The tank also receives a dozer blade, with the capability of mounting a mine clearing plow, and its exhaust and engine intakes are redirected to the side, making way for a cradle for either fascines or a portable trackway on its engine deck.

S1 MBT-0 Armored Recovery Vehicle

This variant has the turret removed, instead replaced with a crane housed in a superstructure for the purpose of recovering damaged vehicles. Composite modules are attached to the side to increase its weight so it does not tip forward when operating its crane, but can be quickly detached or replaced with other weights. It is powered by the same engine as the standard model, and retains NBC protection, with smoke launchers and a machine gun for local self defense. The crane can be removed and replaced with a vehicle-launched bridge.

S1 MBT-0 ACSSA Reisen

When ACSSA purchased MBT-0s, they requested some additions to the tank's capabilities be developed, including allowing it to float and propagate in water, as well as capabilities for firing APHE ammunition. To achieve this, the tanks had all add-on armor stripped, their inbuilt armor being retrofitted to lightweight steel armor, several components of its computing system removed, Azmaya Theater 3 APS uninstalled, engine replaced with a weaker but more compact Kyoda Motors HEDE 1915 Km-506 diesel engine, and greatly simplified suspension system, reducing its weight down to 65 metric tons. Pontoons attach to all sides of the tank, significantly increasing its profile and making it take more of a boat-like appearance, though allowing it to float on water, with an additional electrical generator connected to the engine driving propellers for movement in water. The gun is also changed from the S120/44 to an R120/44, which is rifled, and fires the Type 17 APHE round, its autoloader being able to manipulate the round eithout modifications.

Starbow S2 Demonstrator
A demonstrator tank appeared at a regular SATORICON event, the military-hosted biennial defense technology conference, named the "Starbow." It was built in response to the army's interest in moving the Reisen into a Series 2 phase given the emergence of new threats. The demonstrator had an overhauled automotive system, now using a Reiuji Micro-Tokamak Reactor to generate heat and using an optimized Carnot heat engine to convert it into electricity, driving the tank through a Kyoda Motors E-LCVT 0-1 transmission and electric drive train. In addition, it now uses an electrothermal accelerator cannon, proclaimed to be able to propel a projectile with a muzzle velocity of 7 km/s (mach 20.41) due to the extreme power generation its reactor is capable of.

Operators

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• Renea
• Bronislandia: Wanted to buy "all the tanks." Was shipped an initial order of 100, however later ordered an additional 320, now they currently operate 420 V4 units.
• Aligned City-States of South America: Currently operates 127 units of the "ACSSA Reisen" variant
• Neonetra: Was given 5 V4 units so we could make this operators list longer.
• Hundermenschen: 20 V4 units were delivered.
• Bob bobberson: 200 V4 units were delivered.
• Calption: 10 V4 units were delivered with their treads removed and 10 pound weights were added.
• Oriental Perla: 50 V4 units with Open Engagement Kits, 8 Armored Recovery Vehicles, and 7 ACSSA Reisens were delivered. Negotiations to purchase the S2 Starbow were unsuccessful as the project was put on indefinite hold.

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