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Saschen-Rhineland is a nation which seems history-less at first but is packed with amazing stories. Just to let you know, this timeline only goes until 2024.

Ancient beginnings
Generally, the start of Saschen-Rhineland is around 600 BC by Saxon tribes. Its founder is John of Saxony. Apart from a few incursions by Bavarian tribes, the ancient Saxon kingdom had no external threats for a very long time. In 488 BC, the people revolted against the king, John II, due to his tyranny. A constitutional grand duchy, which had elections every 9 years was put into place, which laid the foundations of modern law, and democracy.

Antiquity
The Grand Duchy of Saxony was now founded and was put in place by the people, being one of the first nations of its time to be like this. An extensive law code has then been put into place, eventually being completed by Grand Duke Frederick II in 411 BC. Although Saxony had considerable influence in the region since the grand duchy was established, it never really had expanded militarily until 116 BC, when it attempted its first conquest, the conquest of the Rhineland. Grand Duke John IV had military experience and led the Saxons to victory by 110 BC. However, another threat appeared soon after the great conquest, the Romans. The aggressive Romans, wanted to conquer Germania. This was a threat to Saxony, who just finished conquering the Rhineland. After Rome swiftly conquered Bavaria and Gaul, the population of Saxony was scared. By 20 AD, Rome finished preparations to conquer all of Germania. In 28 AD, Rome broke through the defenses in the Rhine River, and rapidly started conquering western Germany, until the battle of Frankfurt in 25 AD, where Saxony held out. Saxony allied with Germanic tribes around 30 AD, which helped Saxony survive. In the southern border, where Saxony's heartland was, Rome got slapped by Germanic-Saxon warriors. It was also during this time in 33 AD, Saxony converted to Christianity. After 35 AD, Saxony was desperate and launched the famous Southern Offensive which ended up sacking Munich, Ravenna, and even the city of Rome itself, giving Saxony truly needed breathing space for it to survive. Eventually, a ceasefire was established in 41 AD, which let Rome annex western Germany, but nowhere else. Even worse, a civil war erupted in 42 AD, between extreme militarists and the democratic grand duchy. After 3 long years, Saxony was very weak, as the militarists encroached Dresden. However, a grand duke, arguably the greatest, Malcolm the Brilliant, jolted the grand duchy out of misery, and managed to destroy the militarists, achieving the near impossible using impressive military and political tactics. Around 300 years of relative peace and recovery soon followed, known as the 1st Saxon golden age. It is also during this era where Saxony also conquered a lot of northern Germany, the Rhineland, Bavaria and Holland, and even made a navy. However, following Rome being split into two, the geopolitical situation become very complicated. In 400 AD, a rogue mountain specialized military division went off and sacked Milan, angering the Western Roman Empire. The WRE, then proceeded to declare war on Saxony which resulted in an epic failure for the WRE, resulting in Saxony getting parts of the modern-day Benelux, and Austria. However, antiquity is ending and the medieval era is starting.

Medieval Saschen Rhineland
Saxony in the medieval era was powerful. In 422 AD, a civil war happened, but the grand duchy routed the militarists again. Saxony now had a new threat though, the Goths, specifically the Italian Ostrogoths. The Ostrogoths declared war on Saxony, which went well for Saxony at first but then went downhill for Saxony after the Battle of Mittelbayern. Saxony had to surrender and make a Bavarian independent state in 455 AD. Saxony then had to start a slow recovery after the humiliating defeat. The Saxons even had to stay of the Byzantine conquests too. Eventually in 780 AD, after the successful Muslim conquest of France and Italy (yes that happens in this timeline), the Caliphate wanted to conquer Saxony, to grab hold of Germania. Europe, wanting to re-Christianize Western Europe, offered to send in a crusade to help. The allied nations were the English states, Byzantium, and the Scandinavian Vikings. The crusade was successful after the Saxon general Ptoles defeated a 100000 strong Muslim army at Provence, in the process eliminating Muslim control from Gaul and Italy. By 840 AD, Saxony was a rich, developed medieval nation, which was a world power. Its capital, Dresden could really only be compared to Constantinople in terms of wealth. The 2nd Saxon golden age then started in John VIII's reign, starting in 844 AD. The period spanned 6 emperors and only ended in 1054, during the Great Schism. The Saxons sided with the Eastern Orthodox Church. The situation was precarious for about 150 years until 4th Crusade toppled Byzantium, a Saxon ally. Even worse the Rhineland wanted equal rights as the Saxons and started a civil war in 1209. This time the Rhineland won and Saxony had to give them equal rights. The name of the grand duchy was also changed to Saschen-Rhineland in 1210. The Teutonic Order, being overconfident attacked Saschen-Rhineland, but lost due to poor planning by 1215. Saschen-Rhineland also helped Nicaea restore Byzantium, which it did in 1261, after 1224, when the financial situation got better. Saschen-Rhineland was confronted by a crusade because of this, which did happen. The crusade was bloody, but resulted in a Saxon win, surprising Western Europe. Saschen-Rhineland remained the leading Eastern Orthodox power. A 3rd golden age happened from 1290 to 1491 due to crusade being won.

Early Modern Era

Saschen-Rhineland after its golden age had a powerful status in Europe. After Spain found America, Saschen-Rhineland was quick to follow, sending its own fleet to colonize America. Saschen-Rhineland managed to carve out Newfoundland, parts of Quebec as well as Rhode Island by 1528. Saschen-Rhineland's relative democracy helped it handle the Scientific Revolution better, which helped it develop better weapons and technology than most of the world. In 1568, something major happened. A plea for aid was found in Stalward I's mailbox, sent by the Chinastates, Joseon, and Cannue (now the Far East Oriental Federation), for help against the Ming. The idea was accepted in the Saxony's senate, which indirectly destroyed the Ming dynasty. A naval war was fought against England in 1577, which Saschen-Rhineland won. The Teutonic Order (yes it still exists right now.) attempted to attack Saschen-Rhineland again but lost after the siege of Brandenburg which Saschen-Rhineland won, therefore gaining the lands of Brandenburg and Prussia. Under Grand Duke Frans I, good economic policies were enabled after a century of stagnation starting from 1591 till 1602. Frans I however attempted a less successful political idea, the invasion of France. The war was a failure for Saschen-Rhineland, even though were early successes in Northern France. Everything fell apart after the destruction of 2 Saxon armies at Lille and Calais in 1605 and 1606 respectively. The French launched an offensive in 1606, even sacking Stuttgart in 1608. However, the French were as exhausted as Saschen-Rhineland and settled for only moderate gains in what is now Belgium and Luxembourg. There also wasn't really a golden age after the war due to no extremely competent dukes in the 17th century. There was also a civil war started by a rival political house in 1644 but was thwarted relatively easily. Saschen-Rhineland sat through wars like the Napoleonic Wars, which the French still lose. Rhode Island also revolted in 1779, as the rioters were inspired by the American Revolution. However, unlike the Americans, the Rhode Islanders lost after a tough fight between the colonial army and the rebels. But the Rhode Islanders got autonomy instead to prevent more rebellions. In 1797, something even more surprising came. The newly unified Far East Oriental Federation, to express gratitude for the aid from 1568 showed a discovered space region (see FEOF map) and gave some land in it as well as one space travel unit to commute. This technology was secret until then due to concerns of its power. In the Napoleonic Wars, Saschen-Rhineland was neutral despite being French-leaning due it not being ready for war, and the fact that it was busy colonizing parts of FEOF's planet. During this time, Saschen-Rhineland established New Dresden, a new city in the space planet to consolidate its power in its land. Perhaps one of the greatest mistakes yet in the grand duchy's history, in 1804 Grand Duke John IX, completely wiped out the Saschen-Rhineland navy, leaving only 2 vessels in service. This significantly and simultaneously ruined the Saschen-Rhineland armed forces, military morale, and public morale, only to be fixed a century later. The North Sea pirates, capitalizing on this ravaged the Saschen-Rhineland northern coasts, even sacking Hamburg once. In 1811 though, John IX hired a mercenary navy to deal with the pirates, and after the battle of Jutland, the pirate problem was solved.

Late Modern Era (1815-2024)

From 1815 onwards Saschen-Rhineland finally realized the power of money and became a rich state, similar to in our timeline, modern Germany. In 1815, the incompetent and somewhat tyrant ruler, John IX was overthrown and an actual democratic grand duchy, a republic in all but name was put into place for the 2nd time, by the people. In 1833, a new currency was put into place, called the pont was put into circulation, replacing the old unprinted gold discs which was used since 600 BC. The pont is still used today by Saschen-Rhineland and is a strong currency. A large riot in the streets of Leipzig started in 1842, by the Saxon extremists, who blatantly opposed the fact that all* citizens of Saschen-Rhineland have equal rights. The movement, peaking up to 5,000 members was wiped by the military in 1843. The Bavarian kingdom in 1845, demanding a lot of Southern Saschen-Rhineland declared war on Saschen-Rhineland with an army of 200,000. The war lasting until 1848 was a stalemate, until the final year where Saschen-Rhineland destroyed the Bavarians at the battle of Baymouth and swiftly conquered Munich after that. Bavaria was then re-established as a Saschen-Rhinelandish protectorate with some territorial losses too at the Treaty of Duisburg. In 1849, slavery and the death penalty were abolished. Basic civil rights as well as pensions were enacted the next year, turning the country into a civil utopia for its time. The Saschen Rhineland economy was also improving as an economic plan starting from 1851 to 1868, made its economy world-class rivaling the USA and UK by 1869. The French though, under Napoleon III, ignored this Saschen-Rhinelandish revival, and attacked Saschen-Rhineland due to militarism. This was a blunder though as the French underestimated the might of Saschen-Rhineland and after the Saxon victories at Strasbourg, Lille, and Calais, the French were stunned. Following the 3 victories, Saschen-Rhineland marched through Northern France, capturing Paris in December 1872. On New Year's Day, 1873, a peace treaty was signed in Chemnitz, ending a large war in Western Europe. Saschen-Rhineland gained Alsace-Lorraine, as well as establishing a protectorate in Brittany. This war led to Saschen-Rhineland's world influence increase. In 1875, an expedition was sent to Northern Papua New Guinea to establish a colony there was sent which was successful. An alliance with the USA was formally signed in New York in 1890, signifying the growing relationship between the 2 countries. Saschen-Rhineland also participated in the Spanish-American War in 1898, getting a lot of Spain's African colonies as a reward. For around 15 years relative peace was around Saschen-Rhineland's borders until 1914, where a WW1 was fought between the UK, a stronger Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Greece, and Portugal, and France, Russia, Spain, Serbia, Italy, and the Ottoman Empire. Saschen-Rhineland was neutral in WW1 until 1919 where it joined the British faction along with the USA, destroying the French alliance. The territorial changes were vast, being put in 6 different treaties. Most of the nations in the French alliance went communist after the war. For 20 years, a democratic alliance spearheaded by the UK, Saschen-Rhineland and America dominated the world until the communists (mostly the former French alliance) fought back in a cold war starting in 1940. During the 1930s the Great Depression still happens but Saschen-Rhineland handled a lot better due it already having an independent, strong economy. WW2 doesn't happen due to the Fascists not existing, and the Communists and Democrats too scared to declare war. During the 1950s, Saschen-Rhineland made many positive internal reforms and experienced a cultural revolution. In 1961, however the democratic coalition, declared war on the Empire of Japan who already took out China, Korea, and Taiwan. The war was gruesome and took 5 years due to Japan's determination but eventually Saschen-Rhineland singlehandedly sieged down Tokyo, and Japan was forced to surrender. Democratic nations were established including a united Korea, a Chinese Republic, and a new democratic Japanese state. In 1965, Saschen-Rhineland completed the construction of 2 nukes as part of a secret project but had to sell them to the USA due to international pressure. Starting from the late 1960s, a wave of decolonization started. Saschen-Rhineland gave independence to its African and Asian colonies between 1968 to 1977. Due to a technological revolution in the West, communism ended due to a stronger democratic coalition. One by one countries liberalized until the Soviet Union had to in 1996. In 2004, Saschen-Rhineland transferred Rhode Island to America and Newfoundland to Canada, ending the centuries long era of colonialism. Over the early 21st century modernized and improved itself to what it is today. Saschen-Rhineland is now a rich, safe, nation with a space colony and expansive economy with amazing social policy.